Examination of blood of a person suspected to be suffering from anemia shows a decrease in the number of all formed elements. He is most likely suffering from:
1. Iron deficiency
2. Megaloblastic anemia
3. Bone marrow dysfunction
4. Liver dysfunction

When a blood vessel gets injured, the first event to occur in hemostasis is:
1. The endothelial lining is damaged, exposing collagen proteins to the blood.
2. The injured blood vessel is dilated by newly released chemicals to let in defense cells.
3. Platelets become "sticky" and a platelet plug is formed near the injury site.
4. A web of fibrin protein strands tightly interweave the platelet plug.

A person comes to the ER with a need of blood transfusion. How would you determine his blood type?
1. By mixing his blood with the blood of another person of known blood type and if there is no reaction they are the same type.
2. By looking at red blood cells under a microscope to see what kind of antigens are on their membranes.
3. By checking to see which plasma antibodies a person has and he won't have antibodies against his own blood type.
4. By mixing the blood with different antibodies to see which ones cause the red blood cells to agglutinate.

Assertion: The lack of mitochondria decreases the efficiency of oxygen transport by the red blood cells to the tissues.
Reason: Red blood cells are unable to make ATP of their own.

1. Both assertion and reason are true and the reason is the correct explanation of the assertion.
2. Both assertion and reason are true but the reason is not the correct explanation of the assertion.
3. Assertion is true but reason is false.
4. Both assertion and reason are false.

Assertion: No virus can evolve to target human red blood cells.
Reason: The human red blood cells are unable to carry out protein synthesis.

1. Both assertion and reason are true and the reason is the correct explanation of the assertion.
2. Both assertion and reason are true but the reason is not the correct explanation of the assertion.
3. Assertion is true but reason is false.
4. Both assertion and reason are false.

Assertion: In patients of liver failure the risk of bleeding is increased.
Reason: Liver synthesizes most of the clotting factors and activates Vitamin K.

1. Both assertion and reason are true and the reason is the correct explanation of the assertion.
2. Both assertion and reason are true but the reason is not the correct explanation of the assertion.
3. Assertion is true but reason is false.
4. Both assertion and reason are false.

What causes the flow of lymph in the lymphatic vessels from the interstitium to the veins?
1. residual blood pressure forcing the plasma through the blood vessels
2. suction from the contracting lymph nodes
3. skeletal muscle contraction and the action of one-way valves
4. active transport of lymph by cilia lining the lymphatic system

A person has atrial septal defect [hole in the interatrial septum]. This would result in the abnormal flow of blood from:
1. the right side of the heart to the left
2. the left side of the heart to the right
3. the pulmonary artery to the aorta
4. the ductus arteriosus to the aorta

What exactly is an auricle?
1. a sphincter present in an arteriole.
2. an extension of the atrial wall.
3. part of a heart valve.
4. part of nodal tissue of the heart.

If due to some injury, the chordae tendineae of the tricuspid valve of the human heart are partially non-functional, what will be the immediate effect?
1. The blood will tend to flow back into the left atrium
2. The flow of blood into the pulmonary artery will be reduced
3. The flow of blood into aorta will be slowed down
4. The pacemaker will stop working