Assertion: The carbons lost as ${\mathrm{CO}}_2$ in the Krebs cycle come directly from acetyl CoA.
Reason: These carbons are lost always and cannot be put to any use.

1. Both assertion and reason are true and the reason is the correct explanation of the assertion.
2. Both assertion and reason are true but the reason is not the correct explanation of the assertion.
3. Assertion is true but reason is false.
4. Both assertion and reason are false.

1. If both the assertion and the reason are true and the reason is a correct explanation of the assertion
2. If both the assertion and reason are true but the reason is not a correct explanation of the assertion
3. If the assertion is true but the reason is false
4. If both the assertion and reason are false

Assertion: Ubiquinone is the only member of the electron transport chain that is not a protein.
Reason: It is individually mobile within the membrane rather than residing in a particular complex

1. Both assertion and reason are true and the reason is the correct explanation of the assertion.
2. Both assertion and reason are true but the reason is not the correct explanation of the assertion.
3. Assertion is true but reason is false.
4. Both assertion and reason are false.

Given below are two statements: one is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is labelled as Reason (R): 

In the light of the above statements choose the correct answer from the options given below:

Assertion: Electron transport chains are redox reactions that transfer electrons from an electron donor to an electron acceptor.
Reason: The transfer of electrons is coupled to the translocation of protons across a membrane, producing a proton gradient.

1. Both assertion and reason are true and the reason is the correct explanation of the assertion.
2. Both assertion and reason are true but the reason is not the correct explanation of the assertion.
3. Assertion is true but reason is false.
4. Both assertion and reason are false.

Given below are two statements: one is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is labelled as Reason (R): 

In the light of the above statements choose the correct answer from the options given below:

Assertion: Cyanide poisoning is a form of histotoxic hypoxia.
Reason: Cyanide binds to iron of cytochrome c oxidase and thus prevents binding of oxygen to hemoglobin.

1. Both assertion and reason are true and the reason is the correct explanation of the assertion.
2. Both assertion and reason are true but the reason is not the correct explanation of the assertion.
3. Assertion is true but reason is false.
4. Both assertion and reason are false.

Assertion: Homolactic fermentation (producing only lactic acid) is the simplest type of fermentation.
Reason: It is one of the only respiration processes to not produce a gas as a byproduct.

1. Both assertion and reason are true and the reason is the correct explanation of the assertion.
2. Both assertion and reason are true but the reason is not the correct explanation of the assertion.
3. Assertion is true but reason is false.
4. Both assertion and reason are false.

Assertion: Fermentation is an extension of glycolysis that can generate ATP by substrate level phosphorylation as long as a sufficient supply of NAD⁺ is available.
Reason: NAD⁺ is an oxidizing agent in involved in glycolysis.

1. Both assertion and reason are true and the reason is the correct explanation of the assertion.
2. Both assertion and reason are true but the reason is not the correct explanation of the assertion.
3. Assertion is true but reason is false.
4. Both assertion and reason are false.

Assertion: Catabolism can also harvest energy stored in fats obtained from food or from storage cells in the body.
Reason: Fatty acids undergo beta oxidation in mitochondria to produce ATP directly.

1. Both assertion and reason are true and the reason is the correct explanation of the assertion.
2. Both assertion and reason are true but the reason is not the correct explanation of the assertion.
3. Assertion is true but reason is false.
4. Both assertion and reason are false.

Assertion: All the organic molecules of food are destined to be oxidized as fuel to make ATP.
Reason: The catabolic pathway intermediates cannot be diverted to any anabolic pathway.

1. Both assertion and reason are true and the reason is the correct explanation of the assertion.
2. Both assertion and reason are true but the reason is not the correct explanation of the assertion.
3. Assertion is true but reason is false.
4. Both assertion and reason are false.