Q. No.Alveoli are tiny, balloon-shaped air sacs that sit at the very end of the respiratory tree, branching off the _______.
1. tertiary bronchi
2. bronchioles
3. terminal bronchioles
4. respiratory bronchioles
The cells lining the alveoli that secrete the pulmonary surfactant are:
1. type I alveolar cells
2. type II alveolar cells
3. filtration from the alveolar capillaries
4. alveolar macrophages
A measure of the amount of air a person inhales during a normal breath is:
| 1. inspiratory reserve volume | 2. vital capacity |
| 3. total lung capacity | 4. tidal volume |
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2,3-diphosphoglycerate in red blood cells:
1. enhances oxygen unloading at the systemic capillaries
2. makes deoxyhemoglobin less stable
3. shifts the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve to the left
4. stimulates the production of more red blood cells
Four globin chains [ 2 alpha and 2 gamma] constitute the structure of:
1. hemoglobin A
2. hemoglobin F
3. hemoglobin S
4. methemoglobin
The abnormal hemoglobin seen in patients of sickle cell anemia is HbS. It is different in structure from the normal HbA because:
| 1. | glutamic acid is replaced by valine in the beta chain |
| 2. | the two beta chains are replaced by gamma chains |
| 3. | it has two heme groups instead of four |
| 4. | it consists of only a single globin chain and heme |
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The amount of air that remains in a person's lungs after fully exhaling is known as:
| 1. tidal volume | 2. expiratory reserve volume |
| 3. vital capacity | 4. residual volume |
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The basic rhythm of breathing is controlled by:
1. peripheral chemoreceptors
2. dorsal respiratory group of the medullary rhythmicity center
3. ventral respiratory group of the medullary rhythmicity center
4. pneumotaxic area
Gas exchange in the human lungs takes place across the respiratory membrane which is made up of:
| 1. | alveolar macrophages and the alveolar cell membrane |
| 2. | alveolar cell membrane and its basement membrane |
| 3. | alveolar cell membrane and capillary membrane |
| 4. | alveolar cell membrane, capillary membrane, and fused basement membranes |
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The opening between the vocal folds is called:
| 1. | trachea | 2. | epiglottis |
| 3. | laryngopharynx | 4. | glottis |
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