12. Define external fertilization. Mention its disadvantages.
External fertilization is the process in which the fusion of the male and the female gamete takes place outside the female body in an external medium, generally water.
Fish, frog, starfish are some organisms that exhibit external fertilization.
Disadvantages of external fertilization:
In external fertilization, eggs have fewer chances of fertilization. This can lead to the wastage of a large number of eggs produced during the process. Further, there is an absence of proper parental care to the offspring, which results in a low rate of survival in the progenies.
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