9. Differentiate between the following:-
(i) red algae and brown algae
(ii) liverworts and moss
(iii) homosporous and heterosporous pteridophyte
(iv) syngamy and triple fusion
(i) Red algae and brown algae
| Red algae | Brown algae |
| 1. Red algae are grouped under the class Rhodophyceae. | 1. Brown algae are grouped under the class Phaeophyceae. |
| 2. They contain Floridian starch as stored food. | 2. They contain mannitol or laminarin as stored food. |
| 3. They contain the photosynthetic pigments chlorophyll a and d, and phycoerythrin. | 3. They contain the photosynthetic pigments chlorophyll a and c, and fucoxanthin. |
| 4. Their cell walls are composed of cellulose, pectin, and phydrocolloids. | 4. Their cell walls are composed of cellulose and algin. |
| 5. Flagella are absentt | 5. Two flagella are present |
(ii) Liverworts and moss
| Liverworts | Moss |
| 1. They have unicellular rhizoids. | 1. They have multicellular rhizoids. |
| 2. Scales are present very often | 2. Scales are absent |
| 3. They are generally thalloid, with dichotomous branching. | 3. They are foliage, with lateral branching. |
| 4. Gemma cups are present | 4. Gemma cups are absent |
| 5. Sporophyte has very photosynthetic tissue little | 5. Sprohyte has abundant photosynthetic tissue |
(iii) Homosporous and heterosporous pteridophyte
| Homosporous pteridophytes | Heterosporous pteridophytes |
| 1. They bear spores that are of the same type. | They bear two kings of spores microspores and megaspores. |
| 2. They produce bisexual gametophytes. | They produce unisexual gametophytes. |
(iv) Syngamy and triple fusion
| Syngamy | Triple fusion |
| 1. It is the process of fusion of the male gamete with the egg in an angiosperm. | 1. It is process of fusion of the male gamete with the diploid secondary nucleus in an angiosperm. |
| 2. A diploid zygote is formed as a result of syngamy. | 2. A triploid primary endosperm is formed as a result of triple fusion |
