Ncert Exercises & Solutions

9.27 Discuss briefly giving an example in each case the role of coordination compounds in:

(i) biological systems (iii) analytical chemistry

(ii) medicinal chemistry and (iv) extraction/metallurgy of metals.

(i) Role of coordination compounds in biological systems:

In a biological system, photosynthesis is made possible by the presence of chlorophyll pigment. This pigment is a coordination compound of magnesium. In the human biological system, several coordination compounds play important roles. For example, the oxygen-carrier of blood, i.e., haemoglobin, is a coordination compound of iron.

(ii) Role of coordination compounds in medicinal chemistry:
Certain coordination compounds of platinum (for example, cis-platin) are used for inhibiting the growth of tumours.

(iii) Role of coordination compounds in analytical chemistry:

During salt analysis, a number of metal ions are detected with the help of the colour changes they exhibit with different reagents. These colour changes are a result of the coordination compounds or complexes formation that the metal ion form with different ligands.

For example, the hardness of water is estimated by simple titration with Na₂EDTA. The Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺ ions form stable complexes with EDTA.

(iii) Role of coordination compounds in extraction or metallurgy of metals:

The process of extraction of some of the metals from their ores involves the formation of complexes. For example, in aqueous solution, gold combines with cyanide ions to form

[A u {(C N)}_{2}]

. From this solution, gold is later extracted by the addition of zinc metal.

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