1. | A heart attack is a chronic condition where the heart is unable to pump sufficiently; heart failure is an acute event caused by blockage. |
2. | A heart attack results from the blockage of coronary arteries; heart failure is a condition where the heart can't pump blood effectively. |
3. | Heart failure is always caused by a heart attack. |
4. | Heart attacks and heart failures are different terms for the same condition. |
Assertion (A): | The human heart is myogenic. |
Reason (R): | Heartbeat is initiated by a group of specialized cardiac muscle cells known as the sinoatrial node. |
1. | Both (A) and (R) are True and (R) is the correct explanation of (A). |
2. | Both (A) and (R) are True but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A). |
3. | (A) is True but (R) is False. |
4. | (A) is False but (R) is True. |
I: | The tricuspid valve is present between the left atrium and left ventricle. |
II: | Purkinje fibers help in conducting the cardiac impulse to the myocardium of ventricles. |
III: | The sinoatrial node acts as the pacemaker of the heart. |
IV: | Atrial contraction increases the ventricular filling. |
Assertion (A): | Blood pressure in the arteries is pulsatile. |
Reason (R): | This is due to the rhythmic pumping action of the heart. |
1. | Both (A) and (R) are True and (R) is the correct explanation of (A) |
2. | Both (A) and (R) are True but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A). |
3. | (A) is True but (R) is False. |
4. | (A) is False but (R) is True. |
1. | Heart Attack | 2. | Heart Failure |
3. | Cardiac Arrest | 4. | Angina pectoris |
I: | All vertebrates possess a muscular chambered heart. |
II: | Fishes have a 2-chambered heart with an atrium and a ventricle. |
III: | All amphibians and all reptiles have a 3-chambered heart. |
1. | 0 | 2. | 1 |
3. | 2 | 4. | 3 |
I: | The interstitial fluid or tissue fluid has the same mineral distribution as that in plasma. |
II: | Exchange of nutrients, gases, etc., between the blood and the cells always occur through this fluid. |
III: | The lymphatic system collects this fluid and drains it back to the major veins. |
Assertion (A): | Open circulatory system is considered to be more advantageous than the closed circulatory system. |
Reason (R): | The flow of fluid can be more precisely regulated in open circulatory system than in closed circulatory system. |
1. | Both (A) and (R) are True, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A). |
2. | Both (A) and (R) are True, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A). |
3. | (A) is True, but (R) is False. |
4. | Both (A) and (R) are False |