Urea in humans is synthesized in:
1. Kidneys | 2. Renal vein |
3. Liver | 4. Urinary bladder |
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The region of human kidney where you expect to find maximum osmolarity is:
1. at the top of the renal cortex
2. at the bottom of the renal cortex
3. at the top of the renal medulla
4. at the bottom of the renal medulla
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Sodium is the principal cation in blood. If the blood concentration of sodium ions gets below normal:
1. blood volume increases and blood pressure decreases
2. water drains from the collecting duct
3. blood volume and blood pressure decrease
4. ADH secretion increases
RAAS is opposed by:
1. | ADH | 2. | renin |
3. | atrial natriuretic peptide | 4. | angiotensin II |
Mammals are:
1. osmoconformers.
2. hypotonic to their environment.
3. hypertonic to their environment.
4. osmoregulators.
The most toxic nitrogenous metabolic waste product is:
1. ammonia | 2. urea |
3. uric acid | 4. methane |
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Kidneys are not involved in:
1. Osmoregulation
2. Activation of Vitamin D
3. Secreting hormones
4. Glycogenesis
Malpighian body or the renal corpuscle is made up of:
1. Glomerular capillaries and PTCN
2. Bowman's capsule and renal tubules
3. Afferent and efferent arterioles
4. Glomerular capillaries and Bowman's capsule
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Filtration slits in the glomerular membrane are formed by:
1. The capillary endothelial cells
2. The basement membrane
3. The podocyte cells
4. Mesangial cells
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The juxtaglomerular apparatus is made up of:
1. Juxtaglomerular cells and podocytes
2. Macula densa and podocytes
3. Juxtaglomerular cells and mesangial cells
4. Juxtaglomerular cells and macula densa
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