Plants do not have cancers as:
1. | they do not have circulation |
2. | they have highly developed immunity against them |
3. | the plant cells have cell walls |
4. | they already have meristems at their tips |
All of the following are true regarding inflammation except:
1. | The same sequence of events occurs in response to any injury, whether it be a burn, an infection, or trauma. |
2. | The signs of inflammation are pain, redness, swelling, heat, and possibly loss of function. |
3. | Cytokines, histamine, complement, and other chemical mediators are released. |
4. | Monocytes are the first cells to arrive from the bloodstream at the site of inflammation. |
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IgM:
1. | has five antigen-binding sites. |
2. | has the ability to cross the placenta. |
3. | attaches to mast cells and basophils. |
4. | has five constant regions. |
Opsonization :
1. | is the killing of target cells by cytotoxic T cells. |
2. | is the secretory component of IgA. |
3. | helps increase phagocytosis. |
4. | is the interaction that allows IgG to cross the placenta. |
The epitope is the part of the :
1. | antibody that binds to the antigen. |
2. | antibody that binds to the T helper cell. |
3. | antigen that is bound by the antibody. |
4. | hypervariable region of the antibody. |
What type of immunity is induced by the hepatitis B vaccine?
1. naturally acquired active immunity.
2. naturally acquired passive immunity.
3. artificially acquired active immunity.
4. artificially acquired passive immunity.
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Besides helper T cells, what are two other types of cells that HIV infects?
1. macrophages and brain cells
2. B cells and liver cells
3. plasma cells and neutrophils
4. cytotoxic T cells and brain cells
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The antigen-binding sites of an antibody molecule are formed from the molecule's variable regions. Why are these regions described as variable?
1. | They can change their shapes to fit different antigens. |
2. | They change their shapes when they bind to an antigen. |
3. | Their specific shapes are unimportant. |
4. | The amino acid sequences of these regions vary widely among antibodies from different B cells. |
Philadelphia chromosome is associated with:
1. Retinoblastoma
2. Chronic Myeloid Leukemia
3. Xerodermapigmentosum
4. Kaposi’s sarcoma
Which of the following is not a documented effect of alcoholism?
1. | intrauterine growth retardation in the fetus if the pregnant female consumes alcohol. |
2. | cirrhosis of the liver secondary to fatty deposition in the liver. |
3. | an increase in the secretion of ADH by the supraoptic nucleus of the hypothalamus. |
4. | gastritis and pancreatitis. |